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|subdivision_name1 = |subdivision_type2 = County |subdivision_name2 = Essex |government_footnotes = 〔 |government_type = Faulkner Act (Council-Manager) |governing_body = Township Council |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = Robert D. Jackson (term ends June 30, 2016)〔(2015 New Jersey Mayors Directory ), New Jersey Department of Community Affairs, as of October 20, 2015. Accessed November 12, 2015.〕 |leader_title1 = Township Manager |leader_name1 = Timothy F. Stafford (acting)〔(Township Manager ), Township of Montclair. Accessed January 10, 2015.〕 |leader_title2 = Clerk |leader_name2 = Linda S. Wanat〔(Municipal Clerk ), Township of Montclair. Accessed October 11, 2012.〕 |established_title = Incorporated |established_date = April 15, 1868 (as township) |established_title1 = Reincorporated |established_date1 = February 24, 1894 (as town) |unit_pref = Imperial |area_footnotes = 〔(2010 Census Gazetteer Files: New Jersey County Subdivisions ), United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 21, 2015.〕 |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 16.357 |area_land_km2 = 16.339 |area_water_km2 = 0.018 |area_total_sq_mi = 6.315 |area_land_sq_mi = 6.308 |area_water_sq_mi = 0.007 |area_water_percent = 0.11 |area_rank = 250th of 566 in state 6th of 22 in county〔 |population_as_of = 2010 Census |population_footnotes = 〔(DP-1 - Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 for Montclair township, Monmouth County, New Jersey ), United States Census Bureau. Accessed April 5, 2012.〕〔〔(Table DP-1. Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2010 for Montclair township ), New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed April 5, 2012.〕 |population_total = 37669 |population_rank = 60th of 566 in state 6th of 22 in county〔(GCT-PH1 Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - State -- County Subdivision from the 2010 Census Summary File 1 for New Jersey ), United States Census Bureau. Accessed October 11, 2012.〕 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_density_sq_mi = 5971.2 |population_density_rank = 85th of 566 in state 10th of 22 in county〔" |population_est = 38142 |pop_est_as_of = 2014 |pop_est_footnotes = 〔 |population_demonym = Montclarian, Montclairite |timezone = Eastern (EST) |utc_offset = -5 |timezone_DST = Eastern (EDT) |utc_offset_DST = -4 |elevation_footnotes = 〔, Geographic Names Information System. Accessed March 8, 2013.〕 |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = 299 |coordinates_type = region:US_type:city |coordinates_region = US-NJ |coordinates_display = inline,title |coordinates_footnotes = 〔〔(US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990 ), United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.〕 |latd = 40.824415 |longd = -74.212352 |postal_code_type = ZIP codes |postal_code = 07042, 07043〔(Look Up a ZIP Code for Montclair, NJ ), United States Postal Service. Accessed April 5, 2012.〕〔(ZIP codes ), State of New Jersey. Accessed October 3, 2013.〕 |area_code = 973〔(Area Code Lookup - NPA NXX for Montclair, NJ ), Area-Codes.com. Accessed October 3, 2013.〕 |blank_name = FIPS code |blank_info = 3401347500〔〔(American FactFinder ), United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.〕〔(A Cure for the Common Codes: New Jersey ), Missouri Census Data Center. Accessed July 8, 2012.〕 |blank1_name = GNIS feature ID |blank1_info = 1729720〔〔(US Board on Geographic Names ), United States Geological Survey. Accessed September 4, 2014.〕 |website = |footnotes = }} Montclair ( or ) is a township in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 37,669,〔〔〔 reflecting a decline of 1,308 (-3.4%) from the 38,977 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 1,248 (+3.3%) from the 37,729 counted in the 1990 Census.〔(Table 7. Population for the Counties and Municipalities in New Jersey: 1990, 2000 and 2010 ), New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, February 2011. Accessed October 11, 2012.〕 As of 2010 it was the 60th-most-populous municipality by population in New Jersey.〔Staff. ("N.J.'s population shifting to coast, south" ), ''USA Today''. Accessed April 5, 2012.〕 Montclair was first formed as a Township on April 15, 1868, from portions of Bloomfield Township,〔(History of Montclair ), Montclair Township. Accessed August 5, 2007. "When Bloomfield authorities declined to authorize a bond issue to underwrite another railroad, Montclair residents were successful in securing from the State legislature a charter for a separate township. Thus in 1868, the Township of Montclair was created."〕 so that a railroad could be built to Montclair. After a referendum held on February 21, 1894, Montclair was reincorporated as a Town, effective February 24, 1894.〔Snyder, John P. (''The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968'' ), Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 129. Accessed July 6, 2012.〕 The township derives its name from the French ''mont clair'', meaning "clear mountain" or "bright mountain".〔Hutchinson, Viola L. (''The Origin of New Jersey Place Names'' ), New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed September 7, 2015.〕〔Gannett, Henry. (''The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States'' ), p. 21. United States Government Printing Office, 1905. Accessed September 7, 2015.〕 In 1980, after multiple protests filed by Montclair officials regarding the inequities built into the system,〔Hanley, Robert. ("Opponent of Distribution Formula For Federal Aid Steps Up Attack; As South Orange Moves to Become Township, Montclair Aide Calls for Equitable Sharing" ), ''The New York Times'', August 29, 1977. Accessed September 24, 2015. "MONTCLAIR, Aug. 26 A Town Commissioner here is intensifying his five-year-long campaign to correct what he considers are inequities in the distribution of Federal revenue-sharing money that allows diversion of the grants to New Jersey's townships at the expense of the state's needy cities."〕 Montclair passed a referendum changing its name to the "Township of Montclair" (as West Orange did similarly), becoming the third and fourth of more than a dozen Essex County municipalities to reclassify themselves as townships in order take advantage of federal revenue sharing policies that allocated townships a greater share of government aid to municipalities on a per capita basis.〔("Chapter VI: Municipal Names and Municipal Classification" ), p. 73. New Jersey State Commission on County and Municipal Government, 1992. Accessed September 24, 2015.〕〔("Removing Tiering From The Revenue Sharing Formula Would Eliminate Payment Inequities To Local Governments" ), Government Accountability Office, April 15, 1982. Accessed September 24, 2015. "In 1978, South Orange Village was the first municipality to change its name to the 'township' of South Orange Village effective beginning in entitlement period 10 (October 1978 to September 1979). The Borough of Fairfield in 1978 changed its designation by a majority vote of the electorate and became the 'Township of Fairfield' effective beginning entitlement period 11 (October 1979 to September 1980).... However, the Revenue Sharing Act was not changed and the actions taken by South Orange and Fairfield prompted the Town of Montclair and West Orange to change their designation by referendum in the November 4, 1980, election. The municipalities of Belleville, Verona, Bloomfield, Nutley, Essex Fells, Caldwell, and West Caldwell have since changed their classification from municipality to a township."〕〔Narvaez, Alfonso A. ("New Jersey Journal" ), ''The New York Times'', December 27, 1981. Accessed September 24, 2015. "Under the Federal system, New Jersey's portion of the revenue sharing funds is disbursed among the 21 counties to create three 'money pools.' One is for county governments, one for 'places' and a third for townships. By making the change, a community can use the 'township advantage' to get away from the category containing areas with low per capita incomes."〕 ==Geography== According to the United States Census Bureau, the township had a total area of 6.315 square miles (16.357 km2), including 6.308 square miles (16.339 km2) of land and 0.007 square mile (0.018 km2) of water (0.11%).〔〔 Montclair is located on the First Mountain of the Watchung Mountains. Most of the township stands on the east side of this ridge. Thus, many locations provide excellent views of the surrounding area and of the New York City skyline about away. Since the formation of Montclair, the western border on that mountain with Verona, West Orange, and Cedar Grove has moved slightly eastward, making the township slightly smaller. Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Montclair Heights, Upper Montclair and Watchung Station.〔(Locality Search ), State of New Jersey. Accessed May 21, 2015.〕 Montclair citizens use two main ZIP codes. The central and southern parts of the township are designated 07042. Upper Montclair lies north of Watchung Avenue and has a separate ZIP code, 07043. Because the ZIP codes do not exactly match municipal boundaries, a few homes near the borders with neighboring towns fall into the ZIP codes for those communities. A few homes in some adjoining municipalities use one of the two ZIP codes assigned to Montclair, as does HackensackUMC Mountainside (07042, formerly known as Mountainside Hospital), whose campus straddles the border with Glen Ridge.〔("Hackensack University Health Network and LHP Hospital Group" ), HackensackUMC Mountainside, July 12, 2012. Accessed October 3, 2013. "HackensackUMC Mountainside, located on the Montclair/Glen Ridge border, is known for providing access to state-of-the-art patient care in a nurturing, community hospital setting."〕〔Roll, Erin. ("Glen Ridge baby boom: More than 500 births so far in 2013" ), ''Glen Ridge Voice'', August 1, 2013. Accessed October 3, 2013. "Mountainside is located on the Montclair-Glen Ridge border, and the hospital's mailing address is listed as Montclair. But because the hospital building itself is located in Glen Ridge, every child born at the hospital has Glen Ridge listed as their place of birth."〕 Small areas in the southeast of the township fall into the Glen Ridge ZIP code 07028. Several streams flow eastward through Montclair: Toney's Brook in the center, Nishuane Brook in the southeast, the Wigwam Brook in the southwest, the Pearl Brook in the northwest, and the Yantacaw Brook in the northeast - all in the Passaic River watershed. The Yantacaw and Toney's brooks are dammed in parks to create ponds. The Wigwam, Nishuane, and Toney's brook flow into the Second River, and the others flow into the Third River. Formerly, north of Bloomfield Avenue between Grove Street and Pine Street there was another dam and another pond, powering a factory. Montclair lies just north of the northernmost extent of the Rahway River watershed. The southern border of Montclair is a straight line between the Eagle Rock, on the ridge of the First Watchung Mountain, and the point where Orange Road crosses the Nishuane Brook. The western border runs roughly along the ridge of the First Watchung Mountain between the Eagle Rock and the Essex County/Passaic County Border. The northern border is the same as the border between those two counties. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Montclair, New Jersey」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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